{"id":8941,"date":"2023-03-20T09:44:23","date_gmt":"2023-03-20T09:44:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/techsupport-dev.de\/cjtoolbox\/?page_id=8941"},"modified":"2023-04-25T10:43:47","modified_gmt":"2023-04-25T10:43:47","slug":"jour-m2c1-handouts","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/techsupport-dev.de\/cjtoolbox\/modules-for-journalists\/factory-floor\/reporting-constructive-stories\/handouts\/","title":{"rendered":"Handouts"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Handouts<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Being constructive at every stage
of the story process<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Reporters can incorporate constructive journalism techniques into many steps of their work as they move from story idea to final product and beyond. Here are some ideas how to do that:<\/p>

1. Developing an idea, choosing a topic<\/strong>
\u25cf\u00a0 Brainstorm using the PERMA Method (Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, Accomplishments).
\u25cf\u00a0 Engage the community to see what\u2019s important to them.
\u25cf\u00a0 Look at data for inspiration, be on the lookout for \u201cpositive deviants\u201d.<\/p>

2. Desk Research<\/strong>
\u25cf\u00a0 Look for protagonists that really represent an issue, not outliers. Are they engaged, making a difference?
\u25cf\u00a0 Look for multiple sources with different perspectives to add nuance. Are they surprising? What is their motivation for participating?
\u25cf\u00a0 There are multiple perspectives to a story. Ensure the whole picture is being explored, not just the negative or expected aspects.<\/p>

3. Interviewing<\/strong>
\u25cf\u00a0 Listen actively to build trust.
\u25cf Try the looping technique to ensure understanding and find what matters to people.
\u25cf\u00a0 Add future -oriented questions to learn where things go from here.<\/p>

4. Writing\/editing<\/strong>
\u25cf\u00a0 Fill out a story with context and nuance.
\u25cf\u00a0 Include a variety of voices to bring in fresh perspectives.
\u25cf Language use should be carefully considered \u2013 the goal is to inform, not to inflame or create fear.
\u25cf Pictures and headlines should be carefully considered.<\/p>

5. Publication\/community<\/strong>
\u25cf\u00a0 Publish on social media and ask for input and feedback.
\u25cf\u00a0 Moderate social media channels to ensure a constructive environment.
\u25cf\u00a0 Answer questions from the audience; respond to constructive comments.
\u25cf\u00a0 Ask community members what stories they want next.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Constructive Reporting\nTip Sheet<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u25cf\u00a0 Report the FULL truth, including examples of resilience, post-traumatic growth, positive emotions and accomplishments.
\u25cf\u00a0 Report on responses to problems as well as problems.
\u25cf\u00a0 Abandon pre-conceived narratives \u2013 look for the new and unexpected.
\u25cf\u00a0 Embrace nuance and context. Steer away from black and white.
\u25cf\u00a0 Change your mindset and framing \u2013 \u201cNot all news is bad news; not only bad news is news.\u201d
\u25cf\u00a0 Facilitate open-minded debates.
\u25cf\u00a0 When writing, balance positive and pessimistic styles.
\u25cf\u00a0 Include diverse voices.
\u25cf\u00a0 Talk to those affected by problems, not just those causing them or trying to solve them.
\u25cf\u00a0 Avoid looking for the most extreme example; the most outlandish quote. Are those representative?
\u25cf\u00a0 Learn the history of the issue, tell your audience about it.
\u25cf\u00a0 Turn down the volume: fewer horrific scenes, less traumatization, less sensation.
\u25cf\u00a0 Don\u2019t neglect narratives of resistance, solidarity and compassion while being independent, critical and realistic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pitching Guidelines<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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You\u2019ll need a strong pitch to sell your story idea to editors. The pitch should summarize the proposed story, explain its importance and relevance, how it\u2019ll be produced and why you\u2019re the best person to tackle it. Here are some tips.<\/p>

Preliminary interviews:<\/strong> Talk to the main characters before submitting the pitch. Be clear with your interviewees that you\u2019re researching a story and don\u2019t promise that they\u2019ll appear on TV\/the radio\/the paper, etc.<\/p>

A story, not a topic<\/strong>! \u201cI want to report about sextortion\u201d is the wrong approach \u2013 it\u2019s vague and lacks detail. A good pitch would talk about how sextortion survivors in Syria have launched online initiatives to help other victims. Be specific and have characters.<\/p>

Keep it short:<\/strong> The pitch should be brief, 250 words max. Documentary filmmakers ideally send both a brief pitch\/synopsis and a longer proposal of two to five pages. A snappy headline \u2013 but not sensationalistic \u2013 can make your submission stand out in the pitch pile.<\/p>

No assumed knowledge:<\/strong> When pitching to foreign publications\/editors, don\u2019t assume they know a lot about your country or community. Explain the basics of the story and why it matters.
Get the facts straight<\/strong>: Fact-checking is part and parcel of any piece of journalism, whether it\u2019s breaking news or an Instagram story.<\/p>

Information sources:<\/strong> Unless it\u2019s an opinion piece, editors want to know about the sources of the information that is given in the pitch. Link to them.<\/p>

Can you deliver?<\/strong> Journalists shouldn\u2019t mention that they\u2019ll get interviews with big names in their pitches unless they really have that kind of access.<\/p>

Work samples:<\/strong> The pitch should contain links to previous pieces you\u2019ve done or attach a few to your email. Examples of previous constructive stories are even better.<\/p>

Is it a good story?<\/strong> If it\u2019s difficult to give a brief summary of the proposed story or you\u2019re bored just writing it, ask yourself if it\u2019s worth pitching.<\/p>

The basics:<\/strong> Don\u2019t forget a phone number and email address in the email signature. Include links to pieces you\u2019ve done previously so the editor can quickly vet your work. Check back in a week if you haven\u2019t heard anything. Always stay professional.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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What type of creative person are you?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Find out what type(s) you tend to be through this short self-assessment:<\/p>

I develop ideas (never \u2013 rarely \u2013 sometimes \u2013 often \u2013 always) …<\/p>

_______ during talks.
_______ by associations.
_______ by reflecting on my own life experiences.
_______ under time pressure.
_______ through adaptation.
_______ in quiet moments.
_______ in competitive situations.<\/p>

Depending on where you put \u201coften\u201d or \u201calways\u201d above, you can get a sense of what creative type(s) you resemble. Look at your category(ies) below to see how to get the creative juices flowing.<\/p>

The communicative type:<\/strong>
\u25cf\u00a0 needs to talk to others to get new ideas.
\u25cf\u00a0 should talk first to people who are concerned, to experts and stakeholders.
\u25cf always carries a notebook with them or records conversations.
\u25cf\u00a0 creates informal groups, breakfast clubs or working groups to develop ideas.<\/p>

The associative type:<\/strong>
\u25cf\u00a0 gets ideas when reading books, observing other people or discovering new things.
\u25cf\u00a0 should often change their daily routines.
\u25cf\u00a0 should use public transport instead of their own car.
\u25cf\u00a0 spends time in public spaces and observing people.
\u25cf\u00a0 spends time in bookshops and reading.<\/p>

The active type:<\/strong>
\u25cf\u00a0 gets ideas by remembering his or her own life experiences.
\u25cf\u00a0 hould often leave the office, do a lot of on-the-ground research.
\u25cf\u00a0 works on topics which involve them personally.
\u25cf\u00a0 should organize leisure time around seeking new experiences.<\/p>

The deadline type:<\/strong>
\u25cf\u00a0 gets a creativity boost under time pressure.
\u25cf\u00a0 should practice techniques such as mind storming (Crazy 8).
\u25cf\u00a0 should define quantitative objectives.
\u25cf\u00a0 clear deadlines should be given.<\/p>

The adaptive type:<\/strong>
\u25cf\u00a0 takes existing ideas as starting points.
\u25cf\u00a0 should collect ideas in a personal database.
\u25cf\u00a0 should read on topics out of his or her own area of expertise to see the bigger picture.<\/p>

The calm type:<\/strong>
\u25cf\u00a0 needs a calm environment to generate ideas.
\u25cf\u00a0 should spend regular quiet moments, in nature (walks, jogging).
\u25cf\u00a0 plans creative breaks during working hours.<\/p>

The competitive type:<\/strong>
\u25cf\u00a0 gets creative in competition to others.
\u25cf\u00a0 organizes competitions for ideas among colleagues.
\u25cf\u00a0 makes bets with colleagues to develop a certain number of ideas in a certain time.<\/p>

Remember:<\/strong> To stimulate the flow of ideas, it\u2019s important to put yourself in stimulating situations.<\/p>

Source: Journalistische Kreativit\u00e4t, Jens-Uwe Meyer, 2003<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Using Data Constructively<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Data backs up your story and gives it credibility. But just presenting numbers and statistics isn\u2019t enough. Present data in a way that leads to understanding and doesn\u2019t just overwhelm.<\/p>

Zoom into key data points and zoom out to provide context:<\/strong><\/p>

\u25cf\u00a0 Flat\/absolute numbers are difficult to comprehend.
\u25cf\u00a0 Facts put in relation to something else make more sense (e.g., \u201c\u2026that is equal to the size of 10 football pitches.\u201d).
\u25cf\u00a0 The farther an issue is from the audience\u2019s everyday life, the less likely it means something to them \u2013 \u201cMy reality is not your reality.\u201d
\u25cf\u00a0 Do not take the reader\u2019s knowledge for granted.
\u25cf\u00a0 The reporter helps create the public\u2019s worldview.<\/p>

Steps to take:<\/strong><\/p>

\u25cf\u00a0 Put the data in context and offer perspective \u2013 why is this figure important? What does it mean?
\u25cf\u00a0 It\u2019s better to offer the perspective early in the report instead of waiting until the end.
\u25cf\u00a0 Environment and circumstances are always relevant.
\u25cf\u00a0 As percentages and numbers should be in relation to something else, events should be put in context.
\u25cf\u00a0 Describe developments, trends, breakthroughs and collapse.<\/p>

(Source: Minna Skau, editor at the Danish news agency Ritzau)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\"\"<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Explore your creative potential!<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Self-Assessment:<\/p>

Creativity is more complex than commonly thought. Journalists should be creative on different levels. The following questionnaire helps you to find out where your strengths and weaknesses are and identify the abilities you should develop further.<\/p>
\u00a0<\/td>

Not really<\/p><\/td>

Sometimes<\/p><\/td>

Often<\/p><\/td>

Always<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Am I able to think outside of the box?<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>

Am I able to formulate new and relevant questions?<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>

Am I able to identify problems?<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>

Am I able to scrutinize information from all sides and take different perspectives?<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>

Am I able to think associatively?<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>

Am I able to develop original ideas?<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>

Am I able to make analogies?<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>

Am I able to cut through complex issues and to describe \/ visualize them?<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>

Am I able to develop research strategies, to find new angles, identify hindrances?<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>

Am I able to summarize facts in a coherent manner?<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>

Am I able to combine and interpret facts, to build theories?<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>

Am I able to think in pictures \u2013 to combine information with pictures?<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

How do I solve a problem?<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

\u00a0<\/td>

Not worry about the problem<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

\u00a0<\/td>

Focus on only one aspect of the problem<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

\u00a0<\/td>

Resolving the problem by taking it from several sides in an open, unsystematic and experimental way<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

When someone asks me to do something creative together,<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

\u00a0<\/td>

I prefer to take my time and finally do something alone<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

\u00a0<\/td>

I am happy to have company and maybe we can do something interesting<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

\u00a0<\/td>

I am very excited and think already about how the person’s skills will complement mine<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

\u00a0<\/td>

Other<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

When something unexpected (e.g., disturbance, change, correction<\/strong>of the task\/briefing) happens in the creative process<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

\u00a0<\/td>

I am totally thrown off and can’t quickly find another way to make it work<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

\u00a0<\/td>

I did not expect this, but I continue without allowing myself to be irritated any further<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

\u00a0<\/td>

I think about following the new impulse and pursue several paths. That can’t hurt after all.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

\u00a0<\/p>

Some tips:<\/strong><\/p>

Think outside of the box:<\/strong>
Analyze the mainstream public opinion and question it. Could things be seen differently?<\/p>

Formulate new and relevant questions:<\/strong>
Take the perspective of your audience. Which questions could be relevant for them? Which information could be useful for them? And do they all have the same perspective?<\/p>

Identify problems:<\/strong>
Look behind what is obvious and always stay critical. Analyze messages and question their meaning.<\/p>

Scrutinize information from all sides:<\/strong>
Ask who is affected, who is involved and try to understand in which way and what that means. Zoom in and look at the bigger picture.<\/p>

Develop original ideas:<\/strong>
The best way to develop original ideas is to produce many ideas. It is a wrong perception that you might suddenly come up with the one and only phantastic idea. Prominent creative people in history have simply been very productive \u2013 and only a small part of their ideas was brilliant, most of them were mediocre or unusable.
An idea is original when it differs from usual ways of thinking. You look at a well-known topic from a different perspective. Or you develop a topic further \u2013 in a new direction.<\/p>

Think associatively:<\/strong>
You can develop this ability by practicing associative thinking more often, for instance by using the mind mapping method for exploring your topic. This also helps to improve your visual thinking.<\/p>

Cut through complex issues and describe \/ visualize them:<\/strong>
Most topics that journalists must deal with are extremely complex, especially in a globalized world. Journalists aren\u2019t full experts in the fields of reporting, even though many have acquired some special knowledge, for instance in economical or environmental topics. Their knowledge is rarely so deep that they entirely oversee a complex topic. Often, when there is a solution to one problem, two new problems pop up because everything is so connected.
To be a journalist does not mean to become an expert. But becoming a creative journalist means to develop an idea of how different factors intertwine and ask relevant and well targeted questions.<\/p>

Develop research strategies, to find new angles, identify hindrances:<\/strong>
Research takes place by more than 50% in your mind. Who could have an interest to hand over certain information to you. How should you approach a potential informant? What type of questions should you ask at what stage of your research process? You should develop a strategic approach to your information sources.
While doing research, you should constantly develop new ideas to find new angles for your research.<\/p>

Summarize facts in a coherent manner:<\/strong>
In order to produce a proper report, you must assemble in a coherent way all information you gathered. It often helps to visualize the different bits and pieces of your research results and how they relate to each other.<\/p>

Combine and interpret facts, build theories:<\/strong>
As a journalist you collect facts, combine them with information that you already have, interprete facts. Then you build theories. Sometimes, this is done unconsciously but as a creative journalist you should always be aware of your assumptions. The theories then need to be vetted before any information can be assembled to tell new stories.<\/p>

Think in pictures \u2013 to combine information with pictures:<\/strong>
While the left hemisphere of our brain is responsible for logical and structured thinking and linguistic memory, our right hemisphere stands for emotion and phantasy. Journalists should constantly develop their ability to link information to pictures. Verbal images enable media users to get an easier access to information, they emotionalize facts and activate spatial imagination. Under time pressure, journalists are often not very creative in their wording and chose frequently used phrases. Creative journalists don\u2019t rely on their first ideas but search further.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Handouts Being constructive at every stage of the story process Reporters can incorporate constructive journalism techniques into many steps of their work as they move from story idea to final product and beyond. Here are some ideas how to do that: 1. Developing an idea, choosing a topic \u25cf\u00a0 Brainstorm using the PERMA Method (Positive…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":4865,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8941","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nHandouts - Constructive Journalism<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Handouts - Constructive Journalism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Handouts Being constructive at every stage of the story process Reporters can incorporate constructive journalism techniques into many steps of their work as they move from story idea to final product and beyond. Here are some ideas how to do that: 1. 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